Group+A+Streptococcal+Disease

=__**Group A Streptococcal Disease**__=

Name of disease:

 * Group A Streptococcal Disease

Root cause of disease:

 * //Streptococcus pyogenes//

Affected cell types/tissues/organs/systems:

 * Skin and throat are typically affected for the milder forms of the disease.
 * Lungs, blood stream, muscles, kidney, liver and lungs are affected for the severe disease.

events linked to the disease).

 * 1874- Christian Albert Theodor Billroth characterized //S. pyogenes//
 * 1884- Rosebach named the microbe //S. pyogenes//
 * 1903- Schottmueller and J. H. Brown discovered the different hemolytic patterns (α, β, γ)
 * ~1980 Dr. Rebecca Craighill Lancefield established the classification of streptococci according to their expression of M-antigens.

Common symptoms:

 * Strep throat
 * Impetigo
 * necrotizing fasciitis
 * toxic shock syndrome

Standard treatments:

 * Taking Antibiotics for 24 hours or longer. Usually penicillin or erythromycin for patients who are allergic to penicillin.
 * Removal of sore crusts by soaking in warm, soapy water and wiping away helps reduce bacteria quantity
 * For necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome high dose penicillin and clindamycin
 * For prevention: good personal hygiene, keep all wounds clean, and if someone has strep throat they should stay home from work, school, or day care until 24 hours after taking an antibiotic.

Current research: (Please include reference citations here).
__Figure 1:__ Flowchart of Pathogenesis of Group A Streptococcal Disease
 * Mucosal vaccine delivery systems (Cunningham)[[image:flowchart.png width="800"]]

References:
 * Cunningham, M. Pathogenesis of Group A Streptococcal Infections. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2000; 13(3): 470-511.
 * Group A Streptococcal (GAS) Disease. 2008. []
 * Jaimes, V. Group A Strep- Impetigo. []
 * Khan, Z. Group A Streptococcal Infections. (2013). Medscape. [|http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228936-overview#a0104]