The+Nuclear+Pore+and+Envelope


 * __ The Nuclear Envelope __** - is a double-layered membrane that encloses the contents of the nucleus during most of the cell's lifecycle. The outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (** ER **), and like that structure, features numerous ribosomes attached to the surface. The outer membrane is also continuous with the inner nuclear membrane since the two layers are fused together at numerous tiny holes called nuclear pores that perforate the nuclear envelope.
 * __ The Nuclear Pore __** - was first discovered in the mid-twentieth century These pores regulate the passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm, permitting some to pass through the membrane, but not others. Building blocks for manufacturing DNA and RNA are some of the materials that are allowed into the nucleus, as are molecules that provide the energy for constructing genetic material. Ribosomal subunits, which are built in nucleosomes, are a prime example of materials that must be allowed to leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm.

This topic is important because it exists on a very important organelle in a cell. Almost all cells have a nucleus, which needs to undergo selective transport to function properly. The architecture of this structure is definitely important knowledge for any student who is trying to understand the physiology of the cell.
 * __ Importance of the Nuclear Pore and Envelope in Cellular Physiology: __**

Research of the nuclear pore complex didn’t begin until the mid-twentieth century. Martin Hetzer was the first man to discover that the nuclear envelope was not just a barrier, but that it had many more uses to the cell. He first discovered that selective transport occurs by discovering a transport protein and observing it’s function. The nuclear envelope and pore are very small objects located inside a cell. Because of this, highly advanced microscopes and microscopy techniques must be used to identify the structural makeups of both the nuclear pore and envelope. Fluorescent probing is also a commonly used technique in a cell to differentiate between different structures when trying to view the nuclear pore complex.
 * __ History of Research: __**


 * __ Recent Research Articles: __**
 * Probing a structural model of the nuclear pore complex channel through molecular dynamics (2010): ** This article explains the selective transport process that is undergone in the nuclear pore complex. It also refers to receptor proteins that are used in the transport process. Probing is a technique used to identify specific genes.


 * Nuclear Pore Scaffold Structure Analyzed by Super-Resolution Microscopy and Particle Averaging (2013): ** This research article used high-resolution microscopy to analyze the structure of the nuclear pore complex of a cell.


 * The structure of the nuclear pore complex (2011): ** This article explains that nuclear pore complexes are the sole gateways that facilitate the macromolecular exchange across the nuclear envelope with the help of soluble transport receptors.

References: Alberts. , Johnson,, Lewis, , Raff, , Roberts, , & Walter, (2008). //Molecular biology of the cell//. (5th ed., p. 200). Library of Congress-Cataloging-in-Publication Data.

de Marco, Alex, and Jan Ellenberg. "Nuclear Pore Scaffold Structure Analyzed by Super-Resolution Microscopy and Particle Averaging." //Sciencemag//. AAAS, 07 7 2013. Web. 13 Oct 2013. .

Miao, Lingling. TCB Publications, 12 06 2010. Web. 13 Oct 2013. .

// Nuclear pores //. (2005, May 14). Retrieved from [|http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/][|nuclearpores.html] // The Nuclear Envelope //. (2005, May 14). Retrieved from [|http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/][|nuclearenvelope.html]

// The nuclear pore complex: Gateway to the nucleus //. (2013, June). Retrieved from []

"The structure of the nuclear pore complex." //Pubmed//. NCBI, n.d. Web. 13 Oct 2013. .